-- create table world

CREATE TABLE world (
    -- column, datatype, constraint
    country    VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
    continent  VARCHAR(25) NOT NULL,
    area       INT         NOT NULL,
    population INT,
    gdp        INT
)
-- Get all column names and their data types from table

SELECT COLUMN_NAME, DATA_TYPE from master.INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_NAME = N'world' -- Use "N" for handlling unicode string like varchar in ANSI(32bit) and nvarchar in unicode(64bit)
COLUMN_NAME DATA_TYPE
1 country varchar
2 continent varchar
3 area int
4 population int
5 gdp int

Insert rows

Insert single record

INSERT INTO world (country, continent, area, population, gdp) 
VALUE ('Afghanistan', 'Asia', 647500, 31056997, 700)

Insert multiple records in one go

INSERT INTO world (country, continent, area, population, gdp) 
VALUES ('India', 'Asia', 3287590, 1095351995, 2900),
       ('China', 'Asia', 9596960, 1313973713, 5000),
       ('United States', 'North America', 9631420, 298444215, 37800),
       ('Brazil', 'South America', 8511965, 188078227, 7600),
       ('South Africa', 'Africa', 1219912, 44187637, 10700),
       ('France', 'Europe', 547030,	60876136, 27600)
SELECT * FROM world
country continent area population gdp
0 Afghanistan Asia 647500 31056997 700
1 India Asia 3287590 1095351995 2900
2 China Asia 9596960 1313973713 5000
3 United States North America 9631420 298444215 37800
4 Brazil South America 8511965 188078227 7600
5 South Africa Africa 1219912 44187637 10700
6 France Europe 547030 60876136 27600